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Salus Populi Romani (English: ''Protectress of the Roman People'') — ''Protectress'' translates literally as 'salvation' or 'health' — is a title given in the 19th century to the 5th-century or somewhat later〔Gerhard Wolf, "Icons and sites" in ''Images of the Mother of God: Perceptions of the Theotokos in Byzantium'', Maria Vasilakē, ed.: "the dates proposed by various authors (often in an apodictic way) stretch from the fifth to the thirteenth century" ; Wolf gives a bibliography; his date, based on a close examination in 1987 of the icon, a "palimpsest" of restorations of a "Late Antique" icon, is "relatively early": "I have no hesitation in seeing it as part of the group of icons extant by the late sixth or early seventh centuries" pp31-33.〕 Byzantine icon of the Madonna and Child holding a handkerchief and Gospel book respectively, in the Borghese or Pauline Chapel of the Santa Maria Maggiore Basilica in Rome.〔''Relics'' by Joan Carroll Cruz 1984 ISBN 0-87973-701-8 page 96〕 Pope Gregory XVI granted the image a Canonical Coronation on 15 August 1838 through the Papal bull ''Caelestis Regina''. The venerated image regained its longstanding devotion and status by being crowned again for the second time by Pope Pius XII on the Feast of the Queenship of Mary in 11 October 1954 accompanied by his Papal bull ''Ad Reginam Caeli''.〔(Time Magazine, Nov 8th, 1954 )〕 Recent papal devotion includes Pope Benedict XVI who venerated the image on various occasions with that specific Marian title.〔Vatican web (Homage To The Immaculate At The Spanish Steps )〕〔Vatican web (Visit at the Capitoline Hill )〕〔Zenit (Benedict XVI on the Rosary )〕〔Univ of Dayton (Benedict XVI's Message to Rome Conference on Laity )〕 Pope Francis also made this icon one of his first places of pilgrimage the day after his election to the Papacy. The phrase ''Salus Populi Romani'' goes back to the legal system and pagan rituals of the ancient Roman Republic.〔Livy, Book 7: "Nobis deum benignitate, felicitate tua populique Romani, et res et gloria est integra..."〕 After the legalization of Christianity by Emperor Constantine the Great through the Edict of Milan in 313 AD, the phrase was sanctioned as a Marian title for the Blessed Virgin Mary.〔Gerhard Wolf, "Salus Populi Tomani" in ''Die Geschicte römische Kultbilder'' (Weinheim, 1991) pp161-70; J. Linderski, ''The Augural Law'' in Hildegard Temporini, Wolfgang Haase, eds. ''Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren'' p 2256 (this paper in English)〕 == History == For centuries it was placed above the door to the basilica's baptistery, and in 1240 it was called ''Regina Caeli'' ("Queen of Heaven") in a document. Later it was moved to the nave, and from the 13th century it was preserved in a marble tabernacle. Since 1613, it has been located in the altar tabernacle of the Cappella Paolina (built specifically for it), known to English-speaking pilgrims as the Lady Chapel. The church, Saint Maria Maggiore, is considered the third of the Roman patriarchal basilicas. The church and its Marian shrine are under the special patronage of the popes.〔(Frisk, M. Jean. "Salus Populi Romani", Marian Library, University of Dayton )〕 From at least the 15th century, it was honored as a miraculous image, and it was later used by the Jesuits in particular to foster devotion to the Mother of God through the Sodality of Our Lady movement.〔 The Roman Breviary states, "After the Council of Ephesus (431) in which the Mother of Jesus was acclaimed as Mother of God, Pope Sixtus III erected at Rome on the Esquiline Hill, a basilica dedicated to the honor of the Holy Mother of God. It was afterward called Saint Mary Major and it is the oldest church in the West dedicated to the honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary." The Roman Pontifical gives an additional account, "The Liberian basilica, today called Saint Mary Major, was founded by Pope Liberius (352-366) and was restored and enlarged by Sixtus III. … Pope Liberius selected a venerated picture that hung in the pontifical oratory. It had allegedly been brought to Rome by St. Helena." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Salus Populi Romani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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